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+# Development tasks.
+#
+#   make            list the targets
+#   make test       run the suite with PHPUnit
+#   make lint       syntax and style checks, no files touched
+#   make build      validate the package and its PSR-4 autoloading
+#
+# The library itself has no Composer dependencies; PHPUnit is needed only to
+# run the suite, and `make test` installs it for you.
+
+PHP ?= php
+COMPOSER ?= composer
+
+SOURCES = $(shell find src tests -name '*.php')
+
+# php-cs-fixer and phpcs are not dependencies of this package. Either one is
+# used when it happens to be installed, from vendor/bin or from PATH.
+FIXER = $(shell if [ -x vendor/bin/php-cs-fixer ]; then echo vendor/bin/php-cs-fixer; \
+	else command -v php-cs-fixer 2>/dev/null; fi)
+PHPCS = $(shell if [ -x vendor/bin/phpcs ]; then echo vendor/bin/phpcs; \
+	else command -v phpcs 2>/dev/null; fi)
+PHPCBF = $(shell if [ -x vendor/bin/phpcbf ]; then echo vendor/bin/phpcbf; \
+	else command -v phpcbf 2>/dev/null; fi)
+
+.DEFAULT_GOAL := help
+.PHONY: help test lint format build check clean
+
+help:
+	@echo 'Targets:'
+	@echo '  test       run the test suite'
+	@echo '  lint       php -l over the tree, plus php-cs-fixer or phpcs when installed'
+	@echo '  format     apply php-cs-fixer or phpcbf, when installed (writes)'
+	@echo '  build      validate composer.json and the PSR-4 autoloading'
+	@echo '  check      lint + test + build, in that order'
+	@echo '  clean      remove installed dependencies and test artefacts'
+
+vendor: composer.json
+	$(COMPOSER) install --no-interaction
+	@touch vendor
+
+test: vendor
+	$(PHP) vendor/bin/phpunit
+
+# Read-only by design, so it is safe in CI and in a pre-commit hook: it reports
+# what `make format` would change without changing anything.
+lint:
+	@set -e; for f in $(SOURCES); do $(PHP) -l $$f >/dev/null; done
+	@echo 'syntax OK: $(words $(SOURCES)) files'
+ifneq ($(FIXER),)
+	$(FIXER) fix --dry-run --diff
+else ifneq ($(PHPCS),)
+	$(PHPCS) --standard=PSR12 src tests
+else
+	@echo 'php-cs-fixer and phpcs not installed: syntax checks only'
+endif
+
+format:
+ifneq ($(FIXER),)
+	$(FIXER) fix
+else ifneq ($(PHPCBF),)
+	$(PHPCBF) --standard=PSR12 src tests
+else
+	@echo 'php-cs-fixer and phpcbf not installed: nothing to format with'
+endif
+
+# PHP compiles nothing, so the equivalent of a build is proving the package
+# metadata is valid and that every class is where PSR-4 says it is.
+build:
+	$(COMPOSER) validate --strict
+	$(COMPOSER) dump-autoload --optimize --strict-psr
+
+# The order matters: lint is the fastest to fail, so a broken run reports the
+# cheapest problem first.
+check: lint test build
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf vendor .phpunit.cache .php-cs-fixer.cache